SwazilandThe '''Kingdom of Swaziland (Ngwana)''' is a small country in southern Africa (one of the smallest on the continent), situated on the eastern slope of the Drakensberg|Drakensberg mountains, embedded between South Africa in the west and Mozambique in the east. The country is named after the Swazi, a Bantu tribe. {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Umbuso weSwatini Kingdom of Swaziland'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#99FF00;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" | Image:Swaziland flag large.png|125px| | align="center" width="140px" | Image:Swazicoa.jpg |- | align="center" width="140px" | (Flag of Swaziland|In Detail) | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''List of state mottos|National motto: Siyinqaba (Swati language|Swati: We are the fortress)'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | image:LocationSwaziland.png |- | '''Official language''' | Swati language|Swati and English language|English |- | '''Capital|Capitals''' | Mbabane: administrative Lobamba: royal and legislative |- | '''List of Kings of Swaziland|King''' | Mswati III of Swaziland|Mswati III |- | Queen Mother | Queen Ntombi |- | '''List of Prime Ministers of Swaziland|Prime Minister''' | Themba Dlamini |- | '''Area'''  - Total  - % water | List of countries by area|Ranked 153rd 17,363 square kilometre|km² 0.9% |- | '''Population'''  - Total (2001)  - Population density|Density | List of countries by population|Ranked 151st 1,104,343 65/km² |- | '''Independence''' | September 6, 1968 |- | '''Currency''' | Lilangeni |- | '''Time zone''' | Coordinated Universal Time|UTC + 2 |- | '''National anthem''' | ''Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati'' |- | '''Top-level domain|Internet TLD''' | .sz |- | '''List of country calling codes|Calling Code''' | 268 |} == History == ''Main article: History of Swaziland'' Human remains and artifacts from more than 100,000 years ago have been found in Swaziland. Evidence of agriculture and iron use dates from about the 4th century, and people speaking languages ancestral to current Sotho and Nguni languages began settling no later than the 11th century. The ruling Dlamini lineage had chiefships in the region in the 18th century. An enlarged Swazi kingdom was established by Sobhuza I in the early 19th century. Soon thereafter the first whites started to settle in the area. In the 1890s the South African Republic in the Transvaal claimed sovereignty over Swaziland but never fully established power. After the South African War of 1899-1902, Swaziland became a British protectorate. The country was eventually granted independence on September 6, 1968. Since then, Swaziland has seen a struggle between pro-democracy activists and the totalitarian monarchy. == Politics == ''Main article: Politics of Swaziland'' The head of state is the king, which since 1986 has been King Mswati III. By tradition, the king reigns along with his mother, the former viewed as the administrative head of state and the latter as a spiritual and national head of state. As the monarch, the king not only appoints the prime minister – the head of government – but also appoints a small number of representatives for both chambers of the Libandla (parliament). The Senate consists of 30 members, while the House of Assembly has 65 seats, 55 of which are occupied by elected representatives (elections are held every 5 years). The 1968 constitution was suspended in 1973 in a State of Emergency decree still in force today. In 2001 King Mswati III appointed a committee to draft a new constitution. Drafts were released for comment in May 2003 and November 2004. However they were strongly criticised by civil society organizations in Swaziland and human rights organisations elsewhere. King Mswati III is often critisized for living so lavishly in a nation that is afflicted by one of the worlds highest HIV infection rates. His fleet of luxery cars, millions spent towards referbishing his numerous wives' luxury mansions, are at odds with 40 percent of the nation that stand unemployed, nearly 70 percent of which live on less than a dollar a day, and with 40 percent of adults who are afflicted by HIV. == Districts == Image:SwazilandNumbered.png|thumb|Districts of Swaziland ''Main article: Districts of Swaziland'' Swaziland is divided into four districts: # Hhohho # Lubombo # Manzini District|Manzini # Shishelweni == Geography == Image:Wz-map.gif|thumb|Map of Swaziland ''Main article: Geography of Swaziland'' Swaziland offers a wide variety of landscapes, from the mountains along the Mozambican border to savannas in the east and rainforest in the northwest. Several rivers flow through the country, such as the Lusutfu River. With 50,000 inhabitants, the capital city - Mbabane - is the largest town in the nation; others include Manzini, Lobamba and Siteki. == Economy == ''Main article: Economy of Swaziland'' In this small, landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. The manufacturing sector has diversified since the mid-1980s. Sugar and wood pulp remain important foreign exchange earners. Mining has declined in importance in recent years with only coal and quarry stone mines remaining active. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends more than two-thirds of its exports. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union and worker remittances from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. More than one-fourth of the population needed emergency food aid in 2002 because of drought, and more than one-third of the adult population was infected by HIV. 2004 Swaziland acknowledges for the first time that it has one of the highest AIDS rates in the world, with almost 40% of adults infected with HIV. Prime Minister Themba Dlamini has declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought and land degradation, increasing poverty and HIV/AIDS. The United Nations special envoy on AIDS Stephen Lewis said “Swaziland stands alone with the world's highest rate of HIV infection after nearby Botswana made headway against the deadly pandemic.” == Demographics == ''Main article: Demographics of Swaziland'' The majority of the population consists of Swazi, but there are also small numbers of Zulu, Europeans and Mozambican refugees. The official languages are Swati language|Swati and English language|English; the latter is also the official written language. The chief religion is Christianity, often in a form blended with several indigenous religions. There are also Jewish and Muslim communities. == Culture == ''Main article: Culture of Swaziland'' *Music of Swaziland == Miscellaneous topics == * Communications in Swaziland * Transportation in Swaziland * Military of Swaziland * Foreign relations of Swaziland * List of cities in Swaziland * Dream for Africa * Never Ending Gardens * AIDS in Africa * Reporters without borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2002: Rank 89 out of 139 countries (3 way tie) == External links == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1069035.stm BBC country profile: Swaziland] * [http://www.gov.sz/ Official Government Website] * [http://www.mintour.gov.sz/ Ministry of Tourism Official Website] * [http://www.insightnewstv.com/d78 Online documentary about King Mswati III] * [http://www.people.freenet.de/copilot/Matsapha-eng.htm Matsapha Airport information] {{Africa}} Category:Swaziland| Category:African Union member states af:Swaziland ar:سوازيلند ca:Swazilàndia de:Swasiland es:Swazilandia eo:Svazilando fr:Swaziland gd:Swaziland gl:Suacilandia - Swaziland ko:스와질란드 hi:स्वाजीलैंड io:Swazilando id:Swaziland it:Swaziland he:סווזילנד lv:Svazilenda lt:Svazilandas ms:Swaziland zh-min-nan:Swazi-tē nl:Swaziland nds:Swasiland ja:スワジランド no:Swaziland pl:Suazi pt:Suazilândia ro:Swaziland ru:Свазиленд sa:स्वाजीलैंड sk:Svazijsko sl:Svazi fi:Swazimaa sv:Swaziland tr:Svaziland uk:Свазиленд zh:斯威士兰 First page | Prev | Next | Last page |

This article on Swaziland is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Swaziland".

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