VarnaThis article is about a city in Bulgaria. See Varna (caste) for the Indian caste system.  {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" align="right" style="margin-left:1em; background:#e3e3e3;" ! Coat of Arms ! Map |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | align="center" | Image:Gerb varna 1972.gif|180px Varna's Coat of Arms | align="center" | Image:Varna_BG_Map.png|200px| Varna on the map of Republic of Bulgaria |- ! colspan="2" | Data |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Municipality (Oblast): || Varna (Варна) |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Altitude: || 41 m |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Population: || 320,668 (2001 census) 349,715 (2005 estimate) |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Postal code: || 9000 |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Area code|Dialing code: || 052 |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Latitude: || 43° 12' N |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Longitude: || 27° 55' E |----- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Mayor : || Kiril Yordanov |} '''Varna''' (Bulgarian language|Bulgarian: '''Варна''') has a population of 349,715, making it Bulgaria's third largest city after Sofia and Plovdiv (2001 est). It is a seaport|port city in the eastern part of the country, located on the Black Sea coast. It is sometimes refer to as "The Sea Capital" (or "The Summer Capital") of Bulgaria. The city was named '''Stalin''', after Josef Stalin, from 1949 to 1956. ---- ==History== Varna was founded around 6,000 B.C. near the site of the ancient Greek trading colony ('' apoikia''), '''Odessos.''' which was founded about 580 BCE. The Roman Empire|Roman city had baths, built in the 2nd century CE, that are the largest Roman remains in Bulgaria. The Byzantine city of Odessos was captured by the Ottomans in 1393. Image:varna1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Orthodox Cathedral, Varna, built in the late 19th century Nearby, the Battle of Varna was fought in November 1444, when 30,000 crusaders assembled at the port to sail to Constantinople were attacked by a force of 120,000 Turks, led by the Sultan Murad II. The Polish Ladislaus III of Poland|King Ladislaus was killed in a bold attempt to capture the Sultan. The retreat made the fall of Constantinople all but inevitable. Varna is called the sea capital of Bulgaria, because it is the biggest Bulgarian city on the seacoast. Varna was also the base of the Bulgarian Navy. Currently, there is a Naval Museum with a museum ship torpedo boat ''Draski''. The archaeology|archaeological museum contains some of the finds from the so-called "Gold of Varna", a cache of Chalcolithic grave-goods which are the oldest gold treasure in the world. Image:Varna's_treasure.jpg|thumb|right|The oldest gold treasure in the world, ca. 4000 BC, found near Varna In 1444, the Battle of Varna was fought here, with the Turks defeating a Crusader army led by Ladislaus III of Poland, who was killed, earning a nick-name ''Varnenchik''. There is a mausoleum of Ladislaus III in Varna. The current mayor of Varna is Kiril Yordanov. In 1962, the Chess tournament history|Chess Olympiad, also known as the World Team Championship, was held in Varna. In 1969, Varna was the host of the World Rhythmic gymnastics Championship. ==Economy== Image:varna.jpg|thumb|right|Varna Bay, Bulgaria Varna is an important economic centre for Bulgaria and the Black Sea region in general. Major industries include trade and transportation (see Port of Varna, Varna Airport|Varna International Airport), shipbuilding, and manufacturing. Tourism is of great importance to the city, with the nearby resorts of Albena, Golden Sands, SS Constantine and Helena, Riviera and many others each year attracting millions of visitors from all over the world. Together with the nearby town of Devnya, Varna forms what is known as the Varna-Devnya Industrial Complex, home to some of the largest chemical, electrical and manufacturing plants in Bulgaria. In September 2004, FDI Magazine proclaimed Varna "South-eastern Europe City of the Future", citing its strategic location, fast-growing economy, rich cultural heritage and high quality education. ==Higher learning institutions== *[http://www.ue-varna.bg/ Varna University of Economics] *[http://www.tu-varna.acad.bg/ Technical University of Varna] *[http://www.muvar.acad.bg/ Varna Medical University] *[http://www.vfu.bg Chernorizetz Hrabar Varna Free University] *[http://www.naval-acad.bg/ Vaptsarov Naval Academy] == Twin cities of Varna == Varna's town twinning|twin cities are: *Aalborg, Denmark *Dordrecht, Netherlands *Kharkov, Ukraine *Aqaba, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan *Odessa, Ukraine *Malmö, Sweden *Turku, Finland *Bradford, England|Bradford, England *Miami, Florida|Miami, the USA *Rostock, Germany *Novorossiysk, Russia *Pireus, Greece == See also == *List of cities in Bulgaria *Port of Varna ==External links== * [http://www.varna.bg/ Official homepage] * [http://www.varna-bg.com/ Varna-BG] * [http://www.bulgaria.com/varna/ Varna at Bulgaria.com] * [http://www.pbase.com/ngruev/varna/ Pictures from Varna] * [http://archive.spaceimaging.com/ikonos/2/kpms/2002/04/browse.1499.crss_sat.0.0.jpg Ikonos satellite photo (2002)] * [http://www.terraserver.com/imagery/image_gx.asp?cpx=27.9181&cpy=43.2114&res=30&provider_id=340 Terraserver satellite photo of Varna (colour - 1999)] Category:Coastal cities Category:Cities in Bulgaria bg:Варна de:Warna eo:Varna fr:Varna pl:Warna (miasto) ro:Varna First page | Prev | Next | Last page |

This article on Varna is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Varna".

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