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Hebrew phrasebookHebrew phrasebookHebrew is spoken as a daily language in Israel and is used as a religious language by Jews worldwide. Hebrew is written with a different alphabet than most European languages, and is written from right to left. <!-- The following characters are used to make the question mark go at the end of the question: 8234 0x202a left-to-right embedding 8235 0x202b right-to-left embedding 8236 0x202c pop directional override I am inserting them as HTML entities because they are invisible, are probably not found on keyboards, and would confuse the dickens out of anyone arrowing through them, which is already confusing enough with the cursor jumping around and going backward. -phma --> ==Pronunciation guide== The Hebrew alphabet consists entirely of consonants, though some can facultate as vowels. Vowels are indicated with a system of dots and dashes next to the letters, but these are usually omitted except in Bibles and children's books. It is common for words, especially foreign words, to be spelled in more than one way; the Abu'l`afia Synagogue has five different spellings of its name on its signs. The accent is usually on the last syllable; most of the exceptions are segolates (words in which ''segol'', the e-sound, was inserted after the accent), such as ''elef'' "thousand". Some words have a diphthong "ua" or "ia" which is one syllable but sounds like two, like English "oil". This is called ''pattach gnubah'' "stolen a-sound" and occurs in ''shavua'' "week", which is accented on the "u". Five letters (?????) have a different form at the end of a word (?????, respectively). These are named by adding ????? (''sow-FEET'') "final" to the name of the letter, e.g. ??? ?????. ; ? aleph : glottal stop or silent ; ? beth : like '''b'''ear or ma'''v'''en ; ? gimel : like '''g'''one ; ? daleth : like '''d'''u'''d'''e ; ? he : like '''h'''arp; silent at the end of a word, unless it has a dot in it ; ? vav : like '''v'''iolin; also '''o'''r or t'''u'''ne when used as a vowel ; ? zayin : like '''z'''any ; ? cheth : voiceless gargle ; ? teth : like '''t'''uck ; ? yod : like '''y'''et; also s'''ay''' or hon'''ey''' when used as a vowel ; ? ? kaph : like '''k'''eep, or halfway between '''k'''eep and '''h'''eap ; ? lamedh : like '''l'''eave ; ? ? mem : like '''m'''other ; ? ? nun : like '''n'''ever ; ? samekh : like '''s'''ome ; ? `ayin : constriction of the throat, but you can just say ', though there are some minimal pairs ; ? ? pe : like u'''p'''on or loo'''f'''a ; ? ? tsadi : like boo'''ts''' ; ? qoph : like '''c'''oo, but further back in the throat ; ? resh : voiced gargle as in French ; ? sin, shin : like '''sh'''oot or '''s'''eem ; ? tav : like '''t'''eeth; in some dialects sometimes like jui'''ce''' or tee'''th''' ==Phrase list== Somewhat unusually, Hebrew verbs conjugate according to the gender of the sentence's object: different verb forms must thus be used when speaking to men and women. These have been noted below when appropriate. ===Basics=== ;Hello. :????. (''shah-LOHM'')<br>The Hebrew greeting, though the English "Hi" is also used. ;Bye. :????. (''shah-LOHM'')<br>Yes, the greeting is the same for the start and end of conversation. See also "See you later". ;See you later. :???????. (''leh-hit-rah-'OHT'')<br>The most common farewell greeting, besides the English "Bye". ;Good morning. :???? ??? (''BOH-ker TOHV'') ;Good afternoon. :?????? ????? (''tsoh-hoh-RAH-yeem toh-VEEM'') ;Good evening. :??? ??? (''EH-rev TOHV'') ;Good night. :???? ??? (''LIGH-lah TOHV'') ;How are you? (addressing to a man). :‫?? ??????‬ (''mah shlom-KHAH'') ;How are you? (addressing to a woman). :‫?? ??????‬ (''mah shloh-MEKH'') ;How are you? (What's new?). :‫?? ?????‬ (''mah nish-MAH'') ; Thank you. :???? (''toh-DAH'') ; Please. :????? (''be-vah-kuh-SHAH'') ; Excuse me. :????? (''slee-KHAH'') ===Pronouns=== ; I :??? (''ah-NEE'') ; You (singular, masc.) :??? (''ah-TAH'') ; You (singular, fem.) :?? (''aht'') ; He :??? (''hoo'') ; She :??? (''hee'') ; We :????? (''ah-NAKH-noo'') ; You (plural, masc.) :??? (''ah-TEM'') ; You (plural, fem.) :??? (''ah-TEN'') ; They (plural, masc.) :?? (''hem'') ; They (plural, fem.) :?? (''hen'') ===Asking Questions=== ; Who? :‫???‬ (''mee'') ; What? :‫???‬ (''mah'') ; Where? :‫?????‬ (''ey-FOH'') ; When? :‫????‬ (''mah-TIGH'') ; Why? :‫????‬ (''lah-MAH''), ‫?????‬ (''mah-DOOah'') ; How much? :‫????‬ (''kah-MAH'') ; Where are you from? :When speaking to a male: ‫???? ????‬ (''meh-'IGHN ah-TAH'')<br>When speaking to a female: ‫???? ???‬ (''meh-'IGHN aht'') ; Do you speak English? :When speaking to a male: ‫??? ???? ???????‬ (''ah-TAH muh-dah-BEHR ahn-GLEET?'')<br>When speaking to a female: ‫?? ????? ???????‬ (''aht muh-dah-BEH-ret ahn-GLEET?'') ===Numbers=== ; 0 :??? (''EH-fess'') ; 1 :??? (''ah-KHAT'') ; 2 :????? (''SHTAH-yeem'') ; 3 :??? (''shah-LOSH'') ; 4 :???? (''AHR-bah'') ; 5 :??? (''khah-MEYSH'') ; 6 :?? (''sheysh'') ; 7 :??? (''SHEH-vah'') ; 8 :????? (''shmo-NEH'') ; 9 :??? (''TEY-shah'') ; 10 :??? (''EH-sehr'') ; 11 :??? ???? (''ah-khat es-REH'') ; 12 :????? ???? (''shtighm es-REH'') ; 13 :??? ???? (''shlosh es-REH'') ; 14 :???? ???? (''ar-bah es-REH'') ; 15 :??? ???? (''kha-mesh es-REH'') ; 16 :?? ???? (''shesh es-REH'') ; 17 :??? ???? (''shva es-REH'') ; 18 :????? ???? (''shmo-neh es-REH'') ; 19 :??? ???? (''tshah es-REH'') ; 20 :????? (''es-REEM'') ; 25 :????? ???? (''es-REEM ve-khah-MEYSH'') ; 30 :????? (''shlo-SHEEM'') ; 40 :?????? (''ar-bah-EEM'') ; 50 :????? (''khah-mee-SHEEM'') ; 60 :???? (''shee-SHEEM'') ; 70 :????? (''shiv-EEM'') ; 80 :?????? (''shmo-NEEM'') ; 90 :????? (''tish-EEM'') ; 100 :??? (''MEH-'ah'') ; 200 :?????? (''m'ah-TAH-yeem'') ; 300 :??? ???? (''shah-LOSH meh-'OHT'') ; 1000 :??? (''EH-lef'') ; 1% :???? (''ah-KHOOZ'') ; 100% :??? ???? (''MEH-'ah ah-KHOOZ'') ; Half :??? (''KHEY-tsee'') ; Quarter :??? (''REH-vah'') ===Time=== ; Today :???? (''hah-YOHM'') ; Yesterday :????? (''et-MOHL'') ; Tomorrow :??? (''mah-KHAHR'') ; The day before yesterday :????? (''shil-SHOHM'') ; The day after tomorrow :??????? (''makh-rah-TAH-yeem'') ===Days of the week=== Except for Shabbat, these are ordinal numbers. ; Sunday :??? ????? (''yohm ree-SHOHN'') ; Monday :??? ??? (''yohm shey-NEE'') ; Tuesday :??? ????? (''yohm shlee-SHEE'') ; Wednesday :??? ????? (''yohm rvee-EE'') ; Thursday :??? ????? (''yohm khah-mee-SHEE'') ; Friday :??? ??? (''yohm shee-SHEE'') ; Saturday :??? (''shah-BAHT'') ===Months=== In everyday life, most Israelis use the Georgian Calendar. The month names pronunciation resembles Central-European (e.g. German) pronunciation. ; January : ????? ("Yah-no-ar") ; February : ?????? ("Feb-ruh-ar") ; March : ??? ("Meh-rtz") ; April : ????? ("Ah-pril") ; May : ??? ("Mah-y") ; June : ???? ("Yuh-nee") ; July : ???? ("Yuh-lee") ; August : ?????? ("O-guh-st") ; September : ?????? ("September") ; October : ??????? ("October") ; November : ?????? ("November") ; December : ????? ("Deh-tsember") For holidays and events, Israeli Jews and Jews worldwide use a lunisolar calendar, in which the month begins at the new moon and a thirteenth month is added every few years. The months are numbered starting from Nisan or Aviv (March-April), but the year number is incremented in Tishrei; thus Elul 5760 is followed by Tishrei 5761. Besides meaning "spring" and "Nisan", "Aviv" is also the name of a stage that the growth of barley reaches at that time. ; Nisan : ???? (''nee-SAHN'') ; Iyar : ???? (''ee-YAHR'') ; Sivan : ???? (''see-VAHN'') ; Tammuz : ???? (''tah-MOOZ'') ; Av : ?? (''ahv'') ; Elul : ???? (''eh-LOOL'') ; Tishrei : ???? (''TISH-rey'') ; Cheshvan : ???? (''khesh-VAN'') ; Kislev : ???? (''KISS-lev'') ; Tevet : ??? (''tey-VET'') ; Shevat : ??? (''shuh-VAT'') ; Adar : ??? (''ah-DAR'') ; Second Adar (the leap month) : ??? ??? (''ah-DAR shey-NEE'') ===Duration=== ; Day :??? (''yowm'') ; Week :???? (''shah-VOOah'') ; Month :???? (''KHO-desh'') ; Year :??? (''shah-NAH'') ; Hour :??? (''shah-AH'') ; Minute :??? (''dah-KAH'') ; Second :???? (''shnee-YAH'') ; Time :??? (''zmahn'') ===Seasons=== ; Spring :???? (''ah-VEEV'') ; Summer :??? (''KAH-yits'') ; Autumn :???? (''stahv'') ; Winter :???? (''KHO-ref'') ; What time is it? :?? ????? (''mah hah-shah-AH?'') First page | Prev | Next | Last page |
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